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Laws and Regulations
⚡ EV
Alternative Fuel and Advanced Vehicle Acquisition Requirements
The Louisiana Division of Administration must purchase dedicated alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) capable of operating on natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (propane), or bi-fuel vehicles capable of operating on conventional fuel and natural gas, propane, or any non-ethanol advanced biofuel. State agency vehicles m...The Louisiana Division of Administration must purchase dedicated alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) capable of operating on natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas (propane), or bi-fuel vehicles capable of operating on conventional fuel and natural gas, propane, or any non-ethanol advanced biofuel. State agency vehicles may be granted a waiver if fueling stations are not available within a 25-mile radius, the agency cannot recoup the incremental cost of the vehicle within 60 months, or the available vehicles do not meet agency specifications. Any AFV a state agency purchases or leases must have a minimum fuel economy of 18 miles per gallon (mpg) for city driving, 28 mpg for highway driving, or a combined city/highway average of 24 mpg. Law enforcement vehicles, certified emergency vehicles, and state agency vehicles with prior written authorization are exempt from this requirement. (Reference [Louisiana Revised Statutes 39:364 and 39:1646](https://legis.la.gov/legis/home.aspx))
Within six months following the point at which monthly production of denatured ethanol produced in Louisiana equals or exceeds a minimum annualized production volume of 50 million gallons, at least 2% of the total gasoline sold by volume in the state must be denatured ethanol. Ethanol is defined as an ethyl alcohol tha...Within six months following the point at which monthly production of denatured ethanol produced in Louisiana equals or exceeds a minimum annualized production volume of 50 million gallons, at least 2% of the total gasoline sold by volume in the state must be denatured ethanol. Ethanol is defined as an ethyl alcohol that has a purity of at least 99%, exclusive of added denaturants; meets U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives; meets all the requirements of ASTM D4806; and is produced from domestic agricultural or biomass products. This requirement will not be effective until six months after the average wholesale price of a gallon of Louisiana-manufactured ethanol, less any federal alcohol fuel mixture tax credits, is equal to or below the average wholesale price of a gallon of regular unleaded gasoline in Louisiana for a period of not less than 60 days, as determined by the Louisiana Commissioner of Agriculture and Forestry (Commissioner). Within six months following the point at which monthly production of biodiesel produced in the state equals or exceeds a minimum annualized production volume of 10 million gallons, at least 2% of the total diesel sold by volume in the state must be biodiesel produced from domestically grown feedstock. Biodiesel is a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable resources and meeting the requirements of ASTM specification D6751, or a diesel fuel substitute produced from non-petroleum renewable resources, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, that meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency fuel and fuel additive requirements. Alternatively, these requirements may be met through the production of an alternate renewable fuel, defined as a liquid fuel that is domestically produced from renewable biomass, can be used in place of ethanol or biodiesel, and meets the definition of renewable fuel in the federal Energy Policy Act of 2005. Within six months following the point at which cumulative monthly production of an alternate renewable fuel capable of substituting for ethanol and biodiesel produced in the state equals or exceeds a minimum annual production volume of 20 million gallons, at least 2% of the total motor fuel sold by volume in the state must be the alternate renewable fuel produced from domestically grown feedstock. This requirement may not exceed 2% of the total motor fuel sold by volume by owners or operators of fuel distribution terminals. Blenders and retailers will have six months to meet the new minimum ethanol, biodiesel, or alternate renewable fuel content requirement. The Louisiana Commission of Weights and Measures may waive or extend the six month time period if the quality or supply of ethanol or biodiesel in the state is insufficient to meet the minimum content requirements, or fuel distributors are unable to blend ethanol due to delays in obtaining permits or constructing ethanol blending or storage equipment. Fuels containing ethanol or biodiesel will not be required to be sold in ozone nonattainment areas. The Commissioner will adopt rules and regulations requiring incentives to compensate for any costs associated with achieving the minimum ethanol and biodiesel standards. The Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry defines domestically grown feedstock to include any feedstock produced in the United States. Because in-state volume requirements are currently being met through the U.S. [Renewable Fuel Standard](http://www.afdc.energy.gov/laws/law/US/390), the state has not implemented any formal procedures to enforce the regulation. The Louisiana Legislature encourages in-state restaurants to provide their waste fats, oils, and grease to biodiesel production facilities and store their waste fats, oils, and grease in a manner that facilitates the use of these products in a biodiesel production facility (Reference [Louisiana Revised Statutes 3:3712, 3:4674, 3:4674.1](https://legis.la.gov/legis/home.aspx))
A low-speed vehicle, including a neighborhood electric vehicle, is defined as any four-wheeled vehicle that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph), but not greater than 25 mph. A ow-speed vehicle can be operated only on roads where the speed limit is 35 mph. Low-speed vehicle operators m...A low-speed vehicle, including a neighborhood electric vehicle, is defined as any four-wheeled vehicle that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph), but not greater than 25 mph. A ow-speed vehicle can be operated only on roads where the speed limit is 35 mph. Low-speed vehicle operators must comply with the safety standards in Title 49 of the [U.S. Code of Federal Regulations](https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/uscode), section 571.500, and [Florida Statutes](http://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/) 316.2122, and license the vehicle as required under state guidelines. Seasonal delivery personnel may only use low-speed vehicles during certain yearly timeframes. Additional safety standards and conditions apply. (Reference [Florida Statutes 316.2122, 316.2126, 320.01, and 320.0847](http://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/))
At least 20% of all diesel fuel used to fuel state agency vehicles, vessels, and construction equipment must be biodiesel. The Washington State Department of Enterprise Services (WDES) must assist state agencies by coordinating the purchase and delivery of biodiesel if requested, using long-term contracts if necessary,...At least 20% of all diesel fuel used to fuel state agency vehicles, vessels, and construction equipment must be biodiesel. The Washington State Department of Enterprise Services (WDES) must assist state agencies by coordinating the purchase and delivery of biodiesel if requested, using long-term contracts if necessary, to secure a sufficient and stable supply of biodiesel. For state agencies complying with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) standard, at least 2% biodiesel (B2) must be used as an additive to ULSD for lubricity, provided that the use of a lubricity additive is appropriate and that performance and cost are comparable with other available lubricity additives. All agencies using biodiesel must submit annual consumption reports to WDES. As of 2025, Washington State ferries must use a minimum of 5% biodiesel fuel diesel-powered vessels, subject to budget funding. Additionally, the State ferries must develop a renewable diesel demonstration project and submit a report to the Legislature by September 15, 2026. (Reference [Senate Bills 5801 and 5161, 2025](http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/) and [Revised Code of Washington 43.19.642 and 43.19.646](http://apps.leg.wa.gov/rcw/))
Vehicle Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Standards
State: US |
amended |
Updated: 2011-09-15
Technologies: Fuel Economy / Efficiency
Vehicle manufacturers must meet fuel economy and GHG emissions standards for vehicles sold in the United States. The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regulates fuel economy standards, while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates GHG emiss...Vehicle manufacturers must meet fuel economy and GHG emissions standards for vehicles sold in the United States. The U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regulates fuel economy standards, while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates GHG emissions. NHTSA's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) program and EPA's light-duty vehicle GHG emissions program set standards for passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles. By Model Year (MY) 2025, these vehicles must meet an estimated combined average fuel economy of 48.7 to 49.7 miles per gallon or higher. The standards provide flexibility to manufacturers, including the ability to earn credits for alternative fuel vehicles. For information on the standards from MY 2017 to 2025, see the [final rule](https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2012-10-15/pdf/2012-21972.pdf) in the Federal Register. Additionally, fuel efficiency standards will increase by 2% per year for MY 2027 to 2031 passenger vehicles and MY 2029 to 2031 light-duty trucks. For more information on the standards from MY 2027 to 2031, see the NHTSA [final rule](https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/2024-06/CAFE-2027-2031-HDPUV-2030-2035_Final-Rule_web_0.pdf). NHTSA and EPA also regulate fuel economy and GHG emissions for on-road vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 8,500 pounds or greater and the engines that power them. For MY 2014 to 2018 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles that are not already covered by the standards described above, manufacturers must meet increasingly stringent fuel economy and GHG emissions standards tailored to each of three main regulatory subcategories: combination tractors (also known as semi trucks); heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans; and vocational vehicles (such as delivery, refuse, and tow trucks; transit, shuttle, and school buses; and emergency vehicles). The standards provide flexibility, allowing for emissions and/or fuel consumption credits to be averaged, banked, or traded. For more information, refer to the [final rule](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-09-15/html/2011-20740.htm) in the Federal Register. For more information, see the EPA's [Regulations and Standards](https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/regulations-greenhouse-gas-ghg-emissions) website and NHTSA's [CAFE](http://www.nhtsa.gov/fuel-economy/) website. (Reference [40 CFR 85-86, 600, 1033, 1036-1037, 1039, 1065-1066, and 1068](https://www.govinfo.gov/), [49 CFR 523, 531, 533-534, and 537-538](https://www.govinfo.gov/), and [49 U.S. Code 329](https://www.govinfo.gov/)) *The U.S. Department of Energy is evaluating all records in accordance with current laws, regulations, and administrative directives. Thank you for understanding this process is still underway. Information provided here may be outdated.*
The Oregon Department of Energy administers the Small-Scale Local Energy Loan Program which offers low-interest loans for qualifying projects. Eligible alternative fuel projects include fuel production facilities, dedicated feedstock production, fueling infrastructure, and fleet vehicles. Loan recipients must complete ...The Oregon Department of Energy administers the Small-Scale Local Energy Loan Program which offers low-interest loans for qualifying projects. Eligible alternative fuel projects include fuel production facilities, dedicated feedstock production, fueling infrastructure, and fleet vehicles. Loan recipients must complete a loan application and pay a loan application fee. For more information, see the [Energy Loan Program](https://www.oregon.gov/energy/incentives/pages/energy-loan-program.aspx) website. (Reference [Oregon Revised Statutes 470.060 through 470.080](https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/ORS.aspx))
Compressed natural gas (CNG) used in motor vehicles is subject to a state motor fuel tax of \$0.05 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also subject to a state motor fuel tax rate of \$0.05 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). In lieu of the motor fuel tax, some alternative fuel vehicle (...Compressed natural gas (CNG) used in motor vehicles is subject to a state motor fuel tax of \$0.05 per gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is also subject to a state motor fuel tax rate of \$0.05 per diesel gallon equivalent (DGE). In lieu of the motor fuel tax, some alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) owners are subject to a motor vehicle fee. An annual flat fee applies to passenger automobiles, pickup trucks, vans and heavy-duty vehicles using propane, natural gas, methanol, or blends of 85% methanol and 15% gasoline (M85). Propane and natural gas vehicles with a payload capacity of less than 2,000 pounds (lbs.) are taxed at a rate of \$50 per vehicle per year. Methanol and M85 vehicles with a payload capacity of less than 2,000 lbs. are taxed at a rate of \$100 per vehicle per year. Propane, methanol, and M85 vehicles with a payload capacity greater than 2,000 lbs. are taxed at a rate of \$150 per vehicle per year. If the owner acquires the vehicle or converts it to run on the alternative fuel after July 1 of the tax year, the flat fee is half of the listed amount. AFVs must display a decal that the Oklahoma Tax Commission issues on an annual basis. Exemptions apply. (Reference [Oklahoma Statutes 68-500.4 and 68-723](http://www.oklegislature.gov/))
A vehicle may not idle for more than five minutes when not in motion in cities and counties where the local government has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). Exemptions apply for the following: vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 14,000 pounds (...A vehicle may not idle for more than five minutes when not in motion in cities and counties where the local government has signed a Memorandum of Agreement with the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). Exemptions apply for the following: vehicles with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 14,000 pounds (lbs.) or less; emergency or law enforcement vehicles; airport ground support vehicles; rented/leased vehicles; to perform needed work, including roadway construction, maintenance and diagnostics; to defrost a windshield; traffic conditions; hours of service compliance activities; and sleeper berth idling for required rest when no external HVAC is available within two miles. Vehicles may idle for up to 30 minutes for bus passenger comfort or transit operations. Fines vary by jurisdiction. TCEQ may not prohibit or limit the idling of any vehicle with a GVWR greater than 8,500 lbs. provided that the vehicle is equipped with a 2008 or subsequent model year heavy-duty diesel or natural gas engine that is certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency or another state agency to emit no more than 30 grams of nitrogen oxides per hour when idling. (Reference [Texas Statutes, Health and Safety Code 382.0191](http://www.statutes.legis.state.tx.us/) and [Texas Administrative Code Title 30, Part 1, Chapter 114, Subchapter J, Division 2, Rule 30.114.510-30.114.517](http://www.sos.state.tx.us/tac/index.shtml))
A low-speed vehicle is defined as a four-wheeled motor vehicle with an unladen weight of 3,000 pounds or less, that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph) but not greater than 25 mph, and that complies with Title 49 of the [U.S. Code of Federal Regulations](https://www.govinfo.gov/app/co...A low-speed vehicle is defined as a four-wheeled motor vehicle with an unladen weight of 3,000 pounds or less, that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph) but not greater than 25 mph, and that complies with Title 49 of the [U.S. Code of Federal Regulations](https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/cfr), section 571.500. Low-speed vehicles may not operate on any roadway with a speed limit greater than 35 mph, except to cross a highway at an intersection. (Reference [Nevada Revised Statutes 482.480 and 484B.637](https://www.leg.state.nv.us/))
Blended fuels that contain at least 10% gasoline or diesel are taxed at the full tax rates of gasoline (\$0.30 per gallon) or diesel (\$0.312 per gallon). Alternative fuel tax rates are as follows: ::: {data-align="center"} Fuel ::: Tax Rate E85 \$0.30 per gallon Biodiesel blends of up to 90% \$0.312 per gallon Biodies...Blended fuels that contain at least 10% gasoline or diesel are taxed at the full tax rates of gasoline (\$0.30 per gallon) or diesel (\$0.312 per gallon). Alternative fuel tax rates are as follows: ::: {data-align="center"} Fuel ::: Tax Rate E85 \$0.30 per gallon Biodiesel blends of up to 90% \$0.312 per gallon Biodiesel blends of 90-100% \$0.287 per gallon Propane \$0.219 per gallon Compressed natural gas (CNG) \$0.243 per 100 cubic feet Liquefied natural gas \$0.178 per gallon Hydrogen \$0.07 per 100 cubic feet Hydrogen CNG \$0.208 per 100 cubic feet For more information, see the [Maine Revenue Services](http://www.maine.gov/revenue/fueltax/fueltaxrates.htm) website. (Reference [Maine Revised Statutes Title 36, Section 3203](http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/))