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Laws and Regulations
⚡ EV
Low-Speed Vehicle Access to Roadways
State: Delaware |
amended |
Updated: 2024-09-19
Technologies: NEVs
A low-speed vehicle is defined as a four-wheeled motor vehicle, other than a truck, with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 3,000 pounds that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph) but not greater than 25 mph on a paved surface. A low-speed vehicle may not operate on roads with a...A low-speed vehicle is defined as a four-wheeled motor vehicle, other than a truck, with a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 3,000 pounds that is capable of operating at a speed of at least 20 miles per hour (mph) but not greater than 25 mph on a paved surface. A low-speed vehicle may not operate on roads with a posted speed limit greater than 35 mph but may cross a highway that has a posted speed limit greater than 35 mph. The vehicle must comply with safety standards contained in Title 49 of the [Code of Federal Regulations](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR), section 571.500, and meet state insurance, titling, and registration requirements. (Reference [Delaware Code Title 21, Chapter 21, Subchapter I, Section 2113A](http://delcode.delaware.gov/index.shtml))
ZEVs that are sold on or after October 1, 2024, and before July 1, 2025, are subject to a 3.3125% tax. ZEVs that are sold on or after July 1, 2025, will be subject to a 6.625% tax. For a list of qualified ZEVs, see the New Jersey Department of the Treasury [ZEV Sales Tax Exemption](http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxat...ZEVs that are sold on or after October 1, 2024, and before July 1, 2025, are subject to a 3.3125% tax. ZEVs that are sold on or after July 1, 2025, will be subject to a 6.625% tax. For a list of qualified ZEVs, see the New Jersey Department of the Treasury [ZEV Sales Tax Exemption](http://www.state.nj.us/treasury/taxation/zevnotice.shtml) website. (Reference [New Jersey Statutes 54:32B-3 and 54:32B-8.55](http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/))
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Electric Vehicle (EV) Acquisition Requirements
State: Vermont |
amended |
Updated: 2024-06-03
Technologies: EVs, HEVs, PHEVs
The Vermont Department of Buildings and General Services (Department) must, to the extent possible, purchase or lease HEVs or EVs for state use. At least 75% of the vehicles purchased or leased annually must be HEVs or EVs. The Department must acquire the lowest-cost make and model that meets the State's needs. (Refere...The Vermont Department of Buildings and General Services (Department) must, to the extent possible, purchase or lease HEVs or EVs for state use. At least 75% of the vehicles purchased or leased annually must be HEVs or EVs. The Department must acquire the lowest-cost make and model that meets the State's needs. (Reference [Vermont Statutes Title 29, Chapter 49, Section 903](https://legislature.vermont.gov/))
An eligible business enterprise may claim an income tax credit for the purchase or lease and installation of qualified EV charging station. The EV charging station must be located in Georgia. The tax credit is for 10% of the cost of the EV charging station, up to \$2,500. If not used during any taxable year, this tax c...An eligible business enterprise may claim an income tax credit for the purchase or lease and installation of qualified EV charging station. The EV charging station must be located in Georgia. The tax credit is for 10% of the cost of the EV charging station, up to \$2,500. If not used during any taxable year, this tax credit may be carried forward for up to three years. For more information, including eligibility requirements, see the Georgia Department of Natural Resources [Clean Vehicle Tax Credits](https://epd.georgia.gov/forms-permits/air-protection-branch-forms-permits/clean-vehicle-tax-credits) website. (Reference [Georgia Code 48-7-40.16](https://www.legis.ga.gov/))
Each state entity must purchase or lease a clean energy vehicle, unless the Indiana Department of Administration (Department) determines that the purchase or lease of the vehicle is inappropriate for its intended use, or the total cost of ownership of a clean energy vehicle is substantially more than a comparable non-c...Each state entity must purchase or lease a clean energy vehicle, unless the Indiana Department of Administration (Department) determines that the purchase or lease of the vehicle is inappropriate for its intended use, or the total cost of ownership of a clean energy vehicle is substantially more than a comparable non-clean energy vehicle. Additional exemptions apply. A clean energy vehicle is defined as a vehicle that operates on one or more alternative energy sources, including a rechargeable energy storage system, electricity, ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, natural gas, and propane. Before July 1, 2025, the Department must make recommendations to state entities regarding the procurement of clean energy vehicles. Each state entity must annually submit to the Department information regarding its use of clean energy vehicles. (Reference [Indiana Code 5-22-5-8.5](http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/))
Retailers selling biodiesel are eligible for a state income tax credit. Credit amounts are based on biodiesel blend level and available in the following amounts: ::: {data-align="center"} Biodiesel Blend Level Credit Amount per Gallon Sold ----------------------- ------------------------------- 11% to 19% \$0.05 20% to...Retailers selling biodiesel are eligible for a state income tax credit. Credit amounts are based on biodiesel blend level and available in the following amounts: ::: {data-align="center"} Biodiesel Blend Level Credit Amount per Gallon Sold ----------------------- ------------------------------- 11% to 19% \$0.05 20% to 29% \$0.07 30% and higher \$0.10 ::: The tax credit expires January 1, 2028. (Reference [Iowa Code 422.11P](https://www.legis.iowa.gov/index.aspx))
Through December 31, 2028, a sales and use tax of 6.25% applies to 90% of the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing 15% ethanol (E15) and to 80% of the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing between 20% and 50% ethanol. This tax does not apply to the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing...Through December 31, 2028, a sales and use tax of 6.25% applies to 90% of the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing 15% ethanol (E15) and to 80% of the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing between 20% and 50% ethanol. This tax does not apply to the proceeds from the sale of fuel blends containing between 51% and 83% ethanol (E85). If at any time the sales and use tax is 1.25%, the tax on ethanol fuel blends below 51% ethanol will apply to 100% of the proceeds of sales made after December 31, 2028. Taxes will apply to 100% of the proceeds from the sale of all ethanol fuel blends made after December 31, 2028. Through November 30, 2030, sales and use taxes do not apply to diesel fuel blends containing at least 10% biodiesel (B10) or 10% renewable diesel from December 1 of each calendar year through March 31 of the following calendar year. From April 1, 2024, through November 30, 2030, diesel fuel blends are not subject to sales and use taxes if they adhere to the following blend amounts: Timeframe Biofuel Blend Requirement April 1, 2024, through November 30, 2024 At least 13% biodiesel or renewable diesel April 1, 2025, through November 30, 2025 At least 16% biodiesel or renewable diesel April 1, 2026, through November 30, 2030 At least 19% biodiesel or renewable diesel (Reference [35 Illinois Compiled Statues 120/2-10, 105/3-5.1, 105/3-10, 105/3-44, and 110/3-10](http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs.asp))
The Minnesota Department of Revenue (DOR) imposes an excise tax on the first licensed distributor that receives E85 fuel products in the state and on distributors, special fuel dealers, or bulk purchasers of other alternative fuels. The Minnesota Department of Revenue Commissioner must determine the tax rate for altern...The Minnesota Department of Revenue (DOR) imposes an excise tax on the first licensed distributor that receives E85 fuel products in the state and on distributors, special fuel dealers, or bulk purchasers of other alternative fuels. The Minnesota Department of Revenue Commissioner must determine the tax rate for alternative fuel sales annually. The tax rate for E85 is set by the Minnesota Highway Construction Cost Index. The tax rate for propane is \$0.239 per gallon, liquified natural gas is \$0.192, E85 is \$0.2259 per gallon, biodiesel (B100) is \$0.318 per gallon, and compressed natural gas is \$0.00251 per thousand cubic feet. Exemptions for certain categories of fuel purchasers apply. For more information, including current tax rates and fees, see the DOR [Petroleum Tax Fuel Excise Tax Rates and Fees](https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/petroleum-tax-fuel-excise-tax-rates-and-fees) website. (Reference [Minnesota Statutes 296A.07 and 296A.08](https://www.revisor.mn.gov/pubs/))
To reduce fuel consumption and pollution emissions, and ensure the purchase of vehicles that provide the best value on a life cycle cost basis, the state must take the following actions: - Acquire AFVs in the following percentages: AFVs at a minimum as 75% of new state fleet motor vehicle acquisitions, with the remaini...To reduce fuel consumption and pollution emissions, and ensure the purchase of vehicles that provide the best value on a life cycle cost basis, the state must take the following actions: - Acquire AFVs in the following percentages: AFVs at a minimum as 75% of new state fleet motor vehicle acquisitions, with the remaining 25% acquired as HEVs to the greatest extent possible. By 2030, 25% of state motor vehicle acquisitions must be ZEVs; - Acquire new light-duty trucks in the state fleet that each achieve a minimum city fuel economy of 19 miles per gallon (mpg) and achieve at least a Low Emission Vehicle certification, and new passenger vehicles in the state fleet that each achieve a minimum city fuel economy of 23 mpg; - Purchase for all state agencies the most economical, fuel-efficient, and lowest emission vehicles appropriate to meet requirements and discourage the purchase of sport utility vehicles; - Purchase for all state agencies low rolling resistance tires with superior tread life for state vehicles when possible; and - Maintain all state vehicles according to manufacturer specifications, including specified tire pressures and ratings. - Reduce emissions from the burning of fossil fuels in state agency vehicles, relative to a 2014 baseline, 40% by 2030, 70% by 2040, and 95% by 2050. - Increase the total number of EV charging stations at state-owned properties to 200 by 2030. The State must also prepare an annual report to the Governor on compliance with these goals. To the extent that any of the provisions of Executive Order 15-17 are inconsistent with the provisions of this Executive Order 23-06, they are repealed. For progress dashboards, see the Rhode Island [Office of Energy Resources](https://energy.ri.gov/leadbyexample/program-dashboards) website. (Reference [Executive Order 23-06,2023](https://governor.ri.gov/executive-orders/executive-order-23-06), [Executive Order 05-13, 2005](https://catalog.sos.ri.gov/repositories/2/digital_objects/438), and [Executive Order 15-17, 2015](https://energy.ri.gov/sites/g/files/xkgbur741/files/documents/leadbyexample/ExecOrder15-17.pdf))
Distributors who sell or use motor fuel, including special fuels, are subject to an excise tax of \$0.26 per gallon, which may be adjusted based on vehicle efficiencies and the consumer price index. Motor fuels that are not commonly sold or measured by the gallon and are used in motor vehicles on public highways are ta...Distributors who sell or use motor fuel, including special fuels, are subject to an excise tax of \$0.26 per gallon, which may be adjusted based on vehicle efficiencies and the consumer price index. Motor fuels that are not commonly sold or measured by the gallon and are used in motor vehicles on public highways are taxed according to their gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE). Effective January 1, 2027, a GGE of electricity may not exceed 11 kilowatt-hours, of hydrogen must be at least 2.2 pounds, of compressed natural gas (CNG) must be at least 110,000 British thermal units, and of liquefied natural gas (LNG) must be at least 6.06 pounds. CNG is defined as a mixture of hydrocarbon gases and vapors, consisting principally of methane in gaseous form that has been compressed for use as a motor fuel. LNG is defined as methane or natural gas in the form of a cryogenic or refrigerated liquid for use as a motor fuel. Propane and special fuels sold in bulk to a licensed consumer distributor are exempt from this tax. The excise tax for electricity begins January 1, 2027, and only applies to electricity sold at a public electric vehicle (EV) charging stations. The Georgia Department of Revenue may assess, levy, and collect tax for any other motor fuels used on public highways using a GGE rate. Certain [exemptions](https://afdc.energy.gov/laws/14360) apply to propane and electricity. (Reference [Georgia Code 48-9-3](https://www.legis.ga.gov/))